To meet the standard for wastewater treatment, systems need to have all three main stages:
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Mechanical treatment stage: using mechanical methods to preprocess the wastewater into the system.
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Chemical treatment stage: using chemical methods to treat non-biodegradable pollutants.
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Biological treatment stage: usually the main stage of the system, using microorganisms to treat organic pollutants in the wastewater.
Typically, the cost of designing, constructing, and installing a wastewater treatment system (WTS) is influenced by various factors. Among them, the main components that make up the cost of designing and constructing a WTS include the following factors:
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Composition and characteristics of wastewater, whether it is easy or difficult to treat;
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Cost and type of equipment, materials (EU, G7 or Taiwan, China,...);
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Wastewater treatment technology used;
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Technology transfer;
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Warranty period;
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Technological content and expertise.
With the mentioned costs, it seems impossible to simultaneously meet all 3 criteria of Good - Beneficial - Cheap due to the complexity derived from multiple stages along with fluctuating costs depending on the characteristics of industrial wastewater. So why are there still relatively cheap WTSs on the market compared to the general market level? The general principles can be analyzed and indicated as follows:
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Firstly, when the initial investment in WTS is low (cheap), the operating costs after being put into operation will be high.
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Changing the cost and type of materials, equipment (for example, the difference in equipment between EU G7 and Taiwan, China,...)
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Cutting down some wastewater treatment stages to reduce costs.
So, how should we understand the three criteria of "Good - Beneficial - Cheap" in building a wastewater treatment system?
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"Good":
The system is designed reasonably.
Ensuring all treatment functions are fully operational.
Easy to operate or has automatic functions.
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"Beneficial":
Achieving effective wastewater treatment over a long period of time.
Minimizing additional costs during future operation.
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"Cheap":
The system is designed, constructed, and installed with costs suitable for the investor's needs.
Low operating costs over a long period of time will bring long-term benefits to the investor.
Applying appropriate technologies to treat harmful and polluting substances in wastewater to a level that meets discharge standards can help reduce costs for investors. Therefore, a "Good - Beneficial - Cheap" wastewater treatment system that suits the investor's needs is entirely achievable.
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